Dayah Meunasah Subung, Samalanga
Dayah Meunasah Subung di Samalanga didirikan pada 1703 oleh Syekh Abdussalam Bawarith al-Asyi, ulama keturunan Zabid (Yaman) yang datang dari Mekkah untuk meneruskan ajaran Abdurrauf as-Singkili. Dayah ini dihancurkan Belanda ketika benteng Batee Iliek jatuh pada 1901 dan baru didirikan kembali pada 2012. Tanah wakafnya di kawasan Syamiah, Mekkah, menjadi bukti hubungan Samalanga dengan Haramayn.
Dayah Meunasah Subung in Samalanga was founded in 1703 by Syekh Abdussalam Bawarith al-Asyi, a scholar of Zabidi (Yemeni) descent who came from Mecca to carry on the teaching of Abdurrauf as-Singkili. The Dutch destroyed it when the Batee Iliek fortress fell in 1901, and it was only re-established in 2012. Its waqf land in the Syamiah quarter of Mecca attests to Samalanga's ties with the Haramayn.
Pendiri dayah ini, Syekh Abdussalam Bawarith al-Asyi, dikenal di Aceh sebagai Teungku di Cot Meurak (Tgk di Meurah). Ia putra Syekh Jamaluddin al-Bawarith dari Zabid, Yaman, dan datang ke Aceh bersama abangnya, Syekh Abdurrahim Bawarith al-Asyi, yang kemudian dikenal sebagai Teungku Chik Awe Geutah di Peusangan. Kedatangan mereka terjadi pada masa Sultan Jamalul Alam Badrul Munir bin Syarif Hasyim Jamalullail (1703–1726), dan bersama mereka datang tujuh ulama lain, di antaranya Teungku di Kandang dan Syekh Daud ar-Rumi. Sebelum ke Aceh, keduanya belajar di Zabid lalu di Mekkah kepada Syekh Ali ibn az-Zain al-Mizjaji, yang menurut tradisi Aceh menggantikan kedudukan Abdurrauf as-Singkili di Mekkah setelah ulama itu pulang ke Aceh.
Kedatangan rombongan ulama ini dipahami sebagai upaya jaringan Haramayn memelihara warisan as-Singkili setelah wafatnya pada 1695. Atas arahan al-Mizjaji dan Syekh Ibrahim al-Kurani, para murid dikirim ke Aceh agar ajaran as-Singkili tetap hidup. Al-Mizjaji, al-Kurani dan as-Singkili sama-sama murid Ahmad al-Qusyasyi, Ahmad al-Syinnawi dan lingkaran al-Kurani yang mengembangkan tarekat Syattariyah di Haramayn. Azyumardi Azra mencatat al-Mizjaji sebagai guru Murtadha az-Zabidi (wafat 1205 H), pengarang Taj al-'Arus. Hubungan ini menjelaskan mengapa tarekat Syattariyah masih berkembang di Samalanga dan sekitarnya.
Bukti hubungan intelektual itu tersimpan dalam manuskrip di Awe Geutah, Bireuen, yang memuat sanad al-Adzkar dan Riyadh al-Shalihin karya an-Nawawi, sanad hadis musalsal tentang pengalihan kiblat, dan silsilah Ratib Haddad. Di sana juga terdapat surat yang menurut verifikasi sejarawan Nurdin AR (2006) ditulis Syekh Abdurrahim kepada adiknya, memintanya membeli kitab ketika pulang ke Mekkah. Surat ini menunjukkan bahwa Syekh Abdussalam pernah kembali ke Mekkah setelah mendirikan dayahnya.
Letak dayah hanya sekitar 200 meter dari benteng Batee Iliek, salah satu benteng terkuat Aceh dalam Perang Aceh. Belanda memerlukan waktu panjang untuk menaklukkannya; pada 1877 Jenderal van der Heijden terluka dan kehilangan sebelah matanya dalam pertempuran di sana. Ketika van Heutsz merebut Batee Iliek pada 1901, Dayah Meunasah Subung yang saat itu dipimpin Syekh Yahyauddin bin Abdurrahim Bawarith, cicit pendirinya, ikut dihancurkan dan seluruh manuskrip serta kitabnya terbakar. Pada 1930-an Teungku H. Abdullah, yang baru pulang dari Mekkah, ingin menghidupkannya kembali, tetapi Belanda melarang karena khawatir semangat anti-Belanda di Samalanga bangkit lagi.
Sejak itu dayah hanya tinggal nama dan warisan wakaf. Rumah wakaf kedua bersaudara Bawarith di kawasan Syamiah, Mekkah (sertifikat no. 300), terkena perluasan Masjidil Haram mulai 2008, dan proses ganti ruginya ditangani Mahkamah Syariah Mekkah. Pada 17 Juni 2012 dayah ini didirikan kembali dengan nama Dayah Najmul Hidayah al-Aziziyah di bawah pimpinan Teungku Tarmizi H.M. Daud al-Yusufi, diresmikan oleh pimpinan Dayah MUDI Mesra Samalanga, Teungku H. Hasanul Basri. Kisah dayah ini memperlihatkan kesinambungan Samalanga sebagai kota santri sejak masa Tun Sri Lanang hingga kini.
The founder, Syekh Abdussalam Bawarith al-Asyi, is known in Aceh as Teungku di Cot Meurak (Tgk di Meurah). He was the son of Syekh Jamaluddin al-Bawarith of Zabid, Yemen, and came to Aceh with his elder brother, Syekh Abdurrahim Bawarith al-Asyi, later known as Teungku Chik Awe Geutah of Peusangan. Their arrival took place in the reign of Sultan Jamalul Alam Badrul Munir bin Syarif Hasyim Jamalullail (1703–1726), and seven other scholars came with them, among them Teungku di Kandang and Syekh Daud ar-Rumi. Before coming to Aceh the brothers studied in Zabid and then in Mecca under Shaykh Ali ibn al-Zayn al-Mizjaji, who according to Acehnese tradition took over Abdurrauf as-Singkili's position in Mecca after the latter returned to Aceh.
The arrival of this group of scholars is understood as an effort by the Haramayn network to preserve as-Singkili's legacy after his death in 1695. At the direction of al-Mizjaji and Shaykh Ibrahim al-Kurani, students were sent to Aceh to keep as-Singkili's teaching alive. Al-Mizjaji, al-Kurani and as-Singkili were all pupils of Ahmad al-Qushashi, Ahmad al-Shinnawi and the circle of al-Kurani that propagated the Shattariyya order in the Haramayn. Azyumardi Azra identifies al-Mizjaji as a teacher of Murtada al-Zabidi (d. 1205 AH), author of the Taj al-'Arus. This connection explains why the Shattariyya order still flourishes in and around Samalanga.
Evidence of these intellectual ties survives in manuscripts at Awe Geutah, Bireuen, which contain chains of transmission (sanad) for al-Nawawi's al-Adhkar and Riyad al-Salihin, the sanad of a musalsal hadith on the change of the qibla, and the lineage of the Ratib Haddad. There is also a letter which, according to verification by the historian Nurdin AR (2006), was written by Syekh Abdurrahim to his younger brother asking him to buy books when he returned to Mecca. The letter shows that Syekh Abdussalam went back to Mecca after founding his dayah.
The dayah stood only about 200 metres from the Batee Iliek fortress, one of Aceh's strongest strongholds in the Aceh War. The Dutch took a long time to subdue it; in 1877 General van der Heijden was wounded there and lost an eye. When van Heutsz captured Batee Iliek in 1901, Dayah Meunasah Subung, then led by Syekh Yahyauddin bin Abdurrahim Bawarith, great-grandson of its founder, was destroyed and all its manuscripts and books were burned. In the 1930s Teungku H. Abdullah, newly returned from Mecca, sought to revive it, but the Dutch forbade this for fear of rekindling anti-Dutch feeling in Samalanga.
From then on the dayah survived only as a name and a waqf legacy. The Bawarith brothers' waqf house in the Syamiah quarter of Mecca (certificate no. 300) was affected by the expansion of the Masjid al-Haram from 2008, and compensation proceedings were handled by the Sharia Court of Mecca. On 17 June 2012 the dayah was re-established as Dayah Najmul Hidayah al-Aziziyah under Teungku Tarmizi H.M. Daud al-Yusufi, inaugurated by the head of Dayah MUDI Mesra Samalanga, Teungku H. Hasanul Basri. The dayah's story illustrates Samalanga's continuity as a town of santri from the time of Tun Sri Lanang to the present.
Gagasan kunciKey ideas
Murid Haramayn untuk AcehHaramayn pupils for Aceh
Ulama Zabid-Mekkah dikirim untuk melanjutkan ajaran as-Singkili sesudah 1695.Zabid-Mecca scholars were sent to continue as-Singkili's teaching after 1695.
Jejak SyattariyahShattariyya traces
Sanad gurunya menjelaskan kuatnya tarekat Syattariyah di Samalanga.The founder's chain of teachers explains the strength of the Shattariyya in Samalanga.
Korban Perang AcehA casualty of the Aceh War
Kejatuhan Batee Iliek pada 1901 memusnahkan dayah beserta manuskripnya.The fall of Batee Iliek in 1901 destroyed the dayah and its manuscripts.
Wakaf lintas samudraWaqf across the ocean
Rumah wakaf di Syamiah, Mekkah, menautkan Samalanga dengan Masjidil Haram.A waqf house in Syamiah, Mecca, links Samalanga with the Masjid al-Haram.
Posisi dalam kerangkaPlace in the framework
Tokoh, lembaga, dan konsep yang paling dekat dengan entri ini, beserta sifat hubungannya.The figures, institutions and concepts closest to this entry, and how they relate to it.
Pertanyaan reflektifReflective question
Apa yang dapat direkonstruksi tentang kurikulum dan jaringan Dayah Meunasah Subung dari manuskrip Awe Geutah yang selamat, mengingat koleksi dayah itu sendiri musnah pada 1901?What can be reconstructed of Dayah Meunasah Subung's curriculum and network from the surviving Awe Geutah manuscripts, given that the dayah's own collection perished in 1901?
Kutip entri ini:Cite this entry: “Dayah Meunasah Subung, Samalanga”, Acehnologi — Gerbang Studi AcehAceh Studies Gateway, https://acehnologi.com/entri/dayah-meunasah-subung-samalanga/